This document was published for the federal government of nigeria by the international organization for migration iom with funding provided by the european union under. Colonial period provoked largescale labour migration required for plantations. Report of social partners dialogue on nigeria labour migration policy, december 2009. The challenge of labour migration flows between west africa and the maghreb. Labour migration according to the ilo global estimates on migrant workers, in 2017, migrant workers accounted for 164 million of the worlds approximately 258 million international migrants. Aderanti adepoju is director of the human resources development center and. This journal is hosted by the su lis on request of the journal ownereditor.
Yet such perceptions are based on stereotypes rather than theoretically informed empirical research. The availability of jobs is critical and urban labour migration is dominant adepoju, 1990. The brain drain, skilled labour migration and its impact. Labour migration for employment the asia foundation. Labour migration trends and patterns the asia foundation. This paper focuses on the transfixing configurations of migration dynamics in a new south africa, while examining the context of migration and migration dynamics with an emphasis on the historical and institutional setting. Operationalizing the ecowas protocol on free movement of. The formation of subregional economic unions to some extent simulated the kind of homogeneous societies which once existed in the subregions. Africa is a region of considerable, essentially intra. An overview or rural migration and agricultural labour force structure in africa aderanti adepoju i introduction africas predominantly rural population is located in areas where most inhabitants do not have ready access to social amenities, land and capital. Six rural local government areas lgas were selected based on population size and spatial equity from two states of southeastern nigeria. Aderanti adepoju to incorporate further comments into a final draft, and for. The contribution of these workers is evident, yet many work in.
The majority of people leaving their home countries are migrating for work and almost half of them are women. Drawing on the migration and visa databases from the determinants of international migration demig project and the global bilateral migration database. Aderanti adepoju human resources development centre lagos, nigeria. Diamonds were being mined in the cape province in 1867, followed by alluvial discoveries around 1869 along the orange and vaal rivers. Continuity and changing configurations of migration to and. Recent trends in labour migration between west africa and the maghreb. In recent years, traditional labour importing countries have experienced political and economic crises, which also spurred outmigration of their nationals. In 2004, nigerians were the fifth largest group of asylum seekers in europe carling, 2006. Trends in international migration in and from africa in massey, d. Reflections on international migration and development in. Operationalizing ecowas protocol on free movement of. Iom, through its extensive global network of missions. An important feature of migration processes within the ecowas region is also that it is still largely undertaken within the anglophone e. International labour migration a rightsbased approach ilo international labour migration a rightsbased approach there are almost 200 million migrants in the world today.
It argued that the emigration of skilled africans into the western hemisphere was unprecedented during this period of study. International migration prospects and policies in a global market. Africa is often seen as a continent of mass migration and displacement caused by poverty, violent conflict and environmental stress. Trends in international migration in and from africa. Internal and international labor migration in uganda. Migration in subsaharan africa the web site cannot be found. Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in their countries of destination, while countries of origin greatly benefit from their remittances. Vercueil 2004, explaining the negative effects of migration on the output of the agricultural. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Migration is a major factor in the growth of the urban population. The challenge of labour migration flows between west africa. In uganda like many other countries have a long history of. Professor aderanti adepoju network of migration research on africa nomra nation 2015 iii.
A gender analysis mistura rufai 1, adebayo ogunniyi 2, kabir kayode salman 3, motunrayo oyeyemi 2 and mutiat salawu 4 1 world bank group, abuja p. The surge in outmigration for foreign employment has brought profound changes in the socioeconomic fabric of the country. Migrant community health workers gather much needed. Data were obtained using mixed methods approach comprising questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews. Emigrants to northern countries include skilled workers, students, semi. Aderanti adepoju, one of africas leading migration scholars. Trends in international migration in and from africa researchgate. Moreover, many interurban migrants are seeking to improve their. International labour migration a rightsbased approach.
The direct contribution by migrants to such growth can be traced to the following groups. Pdf the paper examined the dynamics of migration in west africa with. South africa has been the main destination for migrant labour on the continent since the 19th century, following discovery of the regions natural resources. Partners drew in turn on the ilos multilateral framework on labour migration. Refugee crises still require political solutions, even if migration may represent a refugees best socioeconomic strategy thereafter. The inputs from the federal ministry of labour and productivity and from the social. The foregoing discourse has interrogated the brain drain, skilled labour migration and its impact on africas development between the 1990s and 2000s. Labour migration and unemployment what can we learn from eu rules on the free movement of workers. Reflections on international migration and development in sub. It combines a high degree of analysis with very good case studies of labour migration in different parts of the world. The rapid growth of towns and migration in tanzania. The su lis takes no responsibility for the content published within this journal, and disclaim all liability arising out of the use of or inability to use the information contained herein. Europes migration agreements with migrantsending countries in the global south. Progress since the icpd draws in part from the activities and experiences of impan interagency activity of unfpa, the united nations institute for training and research unitar, the international organization for migration iom and the international labour organization ilo, and.
Traditional migration configurations in west africa have changed in recent years as countries are simultaneously origin, destination and transit for migrants. The root causes of migration in africa are numerous and interrelated. He identifies this as the major migration determinant, but still acknowledges that also conflicts, poverty, and human deprivation need to be factored in. Box 935 bhat bhateni, kathmandu, nepal phone 9771 4418345, 9771 44316 fax 9771 4415881. Ethnic and cultural groups were divided between different colonies adepoju. Women migrants are increasingly drawn to the wage labour market both formal and informal as a survival. Draft strategic framework for a policy on migration in africa. Fourth, incorporating legal labour migration into a durable solutions framework does raise some potential protection challenges for unhcr. A recent international labour organization ilo report stated that existing statistics on international labour migration in the subregion are generally agreed to be scarce, unreliable and subject to problems of comparability and availability. Migration, labor mobility and household poverty in nigeria. The pattern and characteristics of inter and intra. All of these factors will help determine the course of migration in africa in the years ahead. The palgrave handbook of international labour migration. This handbook is an outstanding contribution to the study of international labour migration.
While seasonal labour migrants mainly from north of nigeria move to the. Aderanti adepoju discusses how brain circulation, the number of female migrants and trafficking in illegal migrants and refugee flows have intensified as poverty, conflicts and economic deterioration has worsened. Mlay 1976 observed that one of the most important factors influencing the initial urban ward migration is the need for regular cash earnings from wage employment. Labour migration for employment a status report for nepal. Over the past two decades or more, the living standards of this destitute. These organizations need to foster cooperation between labour.
As argued by scholars like adepoju 2010 and adegbola 1999, with the brain. The trends and patterns of international migration in and from africa are. Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world and in 2005 had an emigration rate of 0. Labour migration from the international labour organization ilo and the international organization for migration iom. Historical background migration among west africans in general has been described as a way of life adepoju 2000 and zacheria and conde, 1978 and it dates back to the precolonial era. A significant number of nigerians apply for refugee status in european countries.
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